{"id":9020,"date":"2020-05-25T12:00:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T10:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/havas.cz\/?post_type=pressroom&p=9020"},"modified":"2020-10-14T10:00:49","modified_gmt":"2020-10-14T08:00:49","slug":"roztrousena-skleroza-v-historii-a-dnes","status":"publish","type":"pressroom","link":"https:\/\/havas.cz\/en\/pressroom\/roztrousena-skleroza-v-historii-a-dnes\/","title":{"rendered":"Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za v historii a dnes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu poprv\u00e9 popsal francouzsk\u00fd neurolog Jean-Martin Charcot roku 1848. P\u0159esto\u017ee nemoc m\u011bla sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev, jej\u00ed diagnostick\u00e9 a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti byly jen velmi omezen\u00e9. L\u00e9\u010dila se zlatem, elektrol\u00e9\u010dbou nebo vodol\u00e9\u010dbou. Za velk\u00fd objev v\u00a0oblasti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se d\u00e1 pova\u017eovat v\u00fdzkum Louise-Antoina Ranviera, kter\u00fd popsal stavbu nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0jejich ochrann\u00fdm myelinov\u00fdm obalem. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech l\u00e9ka\u0159i zjistili, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b naru\u0161en\u00edm tohoto myelinov\u00e9ho obalu, kter\u00fd pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, je\u017e jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed neuron\u016f, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0postupn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b schopnosti p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et informace z\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu do cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla.<\/em>4 <\/sup><\/p>\n

\u201eZ t\u00e9to znalosti vych\u00e1z\u00ed i dne\u0161n\u00ed medic\u00edna. P\u0159i roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3ze se rozv\u00edj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt v\u00a0mozku a m\u00ed\u0161e, tento z\u00e1n\u011bt po\u0161kozuje prim\u00e1rn\u011b ochrann\u00fd obal nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (sou\u010d\u00e1st neuron\u016f), n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak i samotn\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. T\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0poru\u0161e p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f z\u00a0mozku do t\u011bla a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k\u00a0projev\u016fm nemoci, kter\u00e9 u\u017e poci\u0165uje s\u00e1m pacient. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se jedn\u00e1 o \u0161patnou koordinaci pohyb\u016f, probl\u00e9my s\u00a0rovnov\u00e1hou, rozmazan\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm nebo poruchami my\u0161len\u00ed aj. Tyto projevy chod\u00ed v\u00a0tzv. atak\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b 24\u00a0hodin, ne m\u00e9n\u011b, a nelze za n\u011b ozna\u010dit nap\u0159\u00edklad pouze t\u0159icetiminutov\u00e9 brn\u011bn\u00ed nohou<\/em>,\u201c vysv\u011btluje prim. MUDr. Marta Vachov\u00e1 z Neurologick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed Nemocnice Teplice, o. z.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ta velk\u00fdch objev\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0d\u016fsledku velmi omezen\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch mo\u017enosti vznikla v\u00a0Anglii roku 1953 prvn\u00ed organizace na podporu v\u00fdzkumu roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy. I d\u00edky jej\u00edmu zalo\u017een\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i zjistili, \u017ee roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za nen\u00ed krevn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, ale autoimunitn\u00edm.4<\/sup> N\u00e1sledn\u011b po v\u00edce ne\u017e 140 letech od prvn\u00edho pops\u00e1n\u00ed nemoci v\u011bdci prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee se roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za d\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dit, a roku 1993 schv\u00e1lili prvn\u00ed prokazateln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinnou terapii nemoci.5<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u201eV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jde o nejdynami\u010dt\u011bji se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed neurologie, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 modern\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a diagnostikovan\u00fdm mohou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit \u017eivot. To s\u00a0sebou nese i velk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou vybrat pacient\u016fm l\u00e9k, jen\u017e je pro n\u011b nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u011bmto mo\u017enostem se da\u0159\u00ed nemoc \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b brzdit a m\u00edrnit tak i jej\u00ed dopady na \u017eivot pacienta<\/em>,\u201c vysv\u011btluje prim. MUDr. Marta Vachov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dnes a p\u0159ed 25 lety<\/strong><\/p>\n

Progn\u00f3za pacient\u016f dnes a p\u0159ed 25 lety se v\u00fdznamn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159ed rokem 1993 nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zaly zpomalit pr\u016fb\u011bh roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy a rovn\u011b\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eit jej\u00ed aktivitu. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti ji\u017e tak\u00e9 v\u00edme, \u017ee s\u00a0roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou nesouvis\u00ed pouze jeden gen, ale je jich okolo 200.6<\/sup> Zn\u00e1me rovn\u011b\u017e jasn\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory nemoci, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed a obezita. N\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina vitam\u00ednu D v t\u011ble m\u00e1 pak nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 studie ji proto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed jako mo\u017en\u00fd faktor p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na rozvoj roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy.7<\/sup> D\u0159\u00edve tak\u00e9 pacienti nem\u011bli k\u00a0dispozici symptomatickou terapii, kter\u00e1 potla\u010duje doprovodn\u00e9 projevy nemoci. Dnes je spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0o\u010dn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159em v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1 nemocn\u00fd pot\u00ed\u017ee se zrakem, nebo t\u0159eba s\u00a0urologem p\u0159i probl\u00e9mech s\u00a0mo\u010dov\u00fdm m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159em naprosto standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o pacienty.8<\/sup><\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v \u010cR<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00edky nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm mo\u017enostem i znalostem medic\u00edny nar\u016fst\u00e1 i d\u016fraz na v\u010dasnou diagnostiku pacient\u016f v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 relaps-remitentn\u00ed a je nejl\u00e9pe ovlivniteln\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dbou. Jde o nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy, u kter\u00e9 se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed ataky (odborn\u011b relapsy), neboli obdob\u00ed, kdy pacient projevy nemoci poci\u0165uje, a klidov\u00e1 obdob\u00ed (odborn\u011b remise), kdy se c\u00edt\u00ed \u010dasto v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku. K\u00a0dispozici je l\u00e9\u010dba akutn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m projevu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (atace), a dlouhodob\u00e1, je\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed zpomalit celkov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh nemoci, zm\u00edrnit po\u010det projev\u016f a p\u0159edej\u00edt invalidit\u011b.9<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u201eV \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 15 neurologick\u00fdch center se specializac\u00ed na roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu, kde se odborn\u00edci staraj\u00ed a\u017e o 20\u00a0000 pacient\u016f s\u00a0t\u00edmto onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed je tak\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, dle kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nov\u011b diagnostikovan\u00fdm pacient\u016fm pod\u00e1na l\u00e9\u010dba nejpozd\u011bji do 4 t\u00fddn\u016f od jej\u00ed indikace, co\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0v\u010dasn\u00e9mu podchycen\u00ed nemoci<\/em>,\u201c p\u0159ibli\u017euje prim. MUDr. Marta Vachov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kontakt pro m\u00e9dia: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mark\u00e9ta Stillerov\u00e1, PR Director, Havas, 702\u00a0213\u00a0341, marketa.stillerova@havaspr.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Michaela Jura\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, PR Executive, Havas, 602 766\u00a0398, michaela.juracakova@havaspr.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. About 30 May<\/em>. [online]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/worldmsday.org\/about\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. SL\u00c1DKOV\u00c1, Vladim\u00edra. Diagnostika roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy, typick\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Medic\u00edna pro praxi<\/em> [online]. 2015; 12(5): 236\u2013242. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.medicinapropraxi.cz\/pdfs\/med\/2015\/05\/07.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za. In: Asociace inovativn\u00edho farmaceutick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/em> [online]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.aifp.cz\/cs\/roztrousena-skleroza\/<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. \u017divot s\u202fRS. Historie RS.<\/em> 2014 Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0https:\/\/zivot-s-rs.cz\/2014\/09\/02\/historie-rs-i-aneb-u-toho-byste-byt-nechteli\/<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. DUFEK, Michal. pro praxi<\/em>, 2011; 12(1): 28-32. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.neurologiepropraxi.cz\/pdfs\/neu\/2011\/01\/09.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
    5. MITCHELL, M. MS\u2019s Society View. Presented at ECTRIMS 2018, 10-12 October, Berlin, Germany<\/li>\n
    6. Nada\u010dn\u00ed fond Impuls. Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy<\/em>. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.nfimpuls.cz\/index.php\/roztrousena-skleroza\/47-czech\/cz-blog\/152-priciny-roztrousene-sklerozy#priciny_viry-vitaminD-koureni<\/a><\/li>\n
    7. PI\u0164HA, Ji\u0159\u00ed: Mezioborov\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i diagnostice a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy. Medic\u00edna pro praxi<\/em> 2014; 11(4): 166-168.<\/li>\n
    8. P\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy, f\u00e1ze a l\u00e9\u010dba nemoci. Zdravotnictv\u00ed a medic\u00edna<\/em> [online]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/zdravi.euro.cz\/leky\/roztrousena-skleroza-priznaky-faze-lecba-nemoci\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je chronick\u00e9 autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zasahuje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervovou soustavu a postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u0161\u00ed lidi. P\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nemoc nevyl\u00e9\u010ditelnou, medic\u00edna p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed se st\u00e1le nov\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e9 lidem s roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt kvalitn\u00ed \u017eivot. Zat\u00edmco v minulosti byla diagn\u00f3za roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm sd\u011blen\u00edm a pro odd\u00e1len\u00ed invalidity se dalo ud\u011blat jen velmi m\u00e1lo, v sou\u010dasnosti jsou l\u00e9ka\u0159i schopni v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit aktivitu nemoci a zpomalit jej\u00ed progresi.2<\/sup> Nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e1 je ov\u0161em brzk\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za, nasazen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jen tak mohou pacienti v\u00e9st i nad\u00e1le co nejplnohodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot.3<\/sup> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":9027,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"pressroom_category":[],"pressroom_tag":[204],"class_list":["post-9020","pressroom","type-pressroom","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pressroom_tag-zdravi"],"yoast_head":"\nRoztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za v historii a dnes - Havas Prague<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/havas.cz\/pressroom\/roztrousena-skleroza-v-historii-a-dnes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za v historii a dnes - Havas Prague\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je chronick\u00e9 autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zasahuje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervovou soustavu a postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u0161\u00ed lidi. P\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nemoc nevyl\u00e9\u010ditelnou, medic\u00edna p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed se st\u00e1le nov\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e9 lidem s roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt kvalitn\u00ed \u017eivot. Zat\u00edmco v minulosti byla diagn\u00f3za roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm sd\u011blen\u00edm a pro odd\u00e1len\u00ed invalidity se dalo ud\u011blat jen velmi m\u00e1lo, v sou\u010dasnosti jsou l\u00e9ka\u0159i schopni v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit aktivitu nemoci a zpomalit jej\u00ed progresi.2 Nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e1 je ov\u0161em brzk\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za, nasazen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. 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